Harnessing BioEnergy: Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) convert organic matter into electricity using microorganisms, providing a sustainable and self-sufficient power source for environmental robots.

Waste to power: By utilising waste streams or natural substrates, MFC-powered Envirobots can clean, monitor, inspect environments while generating energy, reducing reliance on conventional batteries.

Sustainable Design: Understanding how to optimise MFC efficiency, use ceramic materials, and integrate them into robotic platforms is key for real-world deployment in remote environments.